Polymetaal

Carbonnel harspoeder 500 gram in plastic zak
Harspoeder voor aquatint. Het harspoeder dient voor dit doel fijn gemalen te zijn en de deeltjes moeten "droog" zijn, d.w.z. niet plakken.

Rosin dust powder. European origin. Slightly darker in colour

Rosin, also called colophony or Greek pitch (Latin: pix græca), is a solid form of resin obtained from pines and some other plants, mostly conifers, produced by heating fresh liquid resin to vaporize the volatile liquid terpene components. It is semi-transparent and varies in color from yellow to black. At room temperature rosin is brittle, but it melts at stove-top temperature. It chiefly consists of various resin acids, especially abietic acid. The term "colophony" comes from colophonia resina, Latin for "resin from Colophon," an ancient Ionic city. Fine art uses rosin for tempera emulsions and as painting-medium component for oil paintings. It is soluble in oil of turpentine and turpentine substitute, and needs to be warmed. In a printmaking technique, aquatint rosin is used on the etching plate in order to create surfaces in gray tones.

Rosin, also called colophony or Greek pitch (Latin: pix græca), is a solid form of resin obtained from pines and some other plants, mostly conifers, produced by heating fresh liquid resin to vaporize the volatile liquid terpene components. It is semi-transparent and varies in color from yellow to black. At room temperature rosin is brittle, but it melts at stove-top temperature. It chiefly consists of various resin acids, especially abietic acid. The term "colophony" comes from colophonia resina, Latin for "resin from Colophon," an ancient Ionic city. Fine art uses rosin for tempera emulsions and as painting-medium component for oil paintings. It is soluble in oil of turpentine and turpentine substitute, and needs to be warmed. In a printmaking technique, aquatint rosin is used on the etching plate in order to create surfaces in gray tones.

Rosin, also called colophony or Greek pitch (Latin: pix græca), is a solid form of resin obtained from pines and some other plants, mostly conifers, produced by heating fresh liquid resin to vaporize the volatile liquid terpene components. It is semi-transparent and varies in color from yellow to black. At room temperature rosin is brittle, but it melts at stove-top temperature. It chiefly consists of various resin acids, especially abietic acid. The term "colophony" comes from colophonia resina, Latin for "resin from Colophon," an ancient Ionic city. Fine art uses rosin for tempera emulsions and as painting-medium component for oil paintings. It is soluble in oil of turpentine and turpentine substitute, and needs to be warmed. In a printmaking technique, aquatint rosin is used on the etching plate in order to create surfaces in gray tones.

Kopal, ook wel gespeld als copal of kopaal is een halfgefossiliseerde hars die voorkomt in de meeste tropische landen. Volledig gefossiliseerde en dus zeer oude hars wordt barnsteen genoemd. Kopal wordt vanouds gebruikt bij de bereiding van vernissen en lakken, en bovendien als ingrediënt van wierook. Het is ook in 'new age' winkeltjes wel te koop. Onderstaand een lijst van bekende kopal-producerende boomsoorten: Copaifera officinalis, Bursera odorata, Agathus australis, Agathus philippinensis (Copal Manilla) ,Hymenacea ssp., Trachylobium ssp. Soms wordt halfgefossiliseerde hars weleens, foutief, met amber aangeduid. Dit komt door de kleur ervan, die ook amber wordt genoemd.Kopal wordt in verf gebruikt, die dan copaline wordt genoemd.

A natural resin exuded from trees of the family Coniferae, Dipterocarpaceae and Burseraceae. It occurs as transparent roundish masses, coloured from pale yellow to brown. Gum Dammar is soluble in white spirit D40, turpentine oil and other aromatic hydrocarbons; it has good colour stability and is compatible with other resins, waxes, oils and pigments. It is considered one of the best resins for picture varnishes with good reversibility and scarce sensitivity to humidity. It is also used as an ingredient in wax-resin mixtures, painting mediums and emulsions with gouaches.

Elemi resin is a pale yellow substance, of honey-like consistency. Aromatic elemi oil is steam distilled from the resin. It is a fragrant resin with a sharp pine and lemon-like scent. One of the resin components is called amyrin.

Elemi resin is chiefly used commercially in varnishes and lacquers, and certain printing inks. It is used as a herbal medicine to treat bronchitis, catarrh, extreme coughing, mature skin, scars, stress, and wounds. The constituents include phellandrene, limonene, elemol, elemicin, terpineol, carvone, and terpinolene.

Sandarac (or sandarach) is a resin obtained from the small cypress-like tree Tetraclinis articulata. The tree is native to the northwest of Africa with a notable presence in the Southern Morocco part of the Atlas Mountains.[1] The resin exudes naturally on the stems of the tree. It is also obtained by making cuts on the bark. It solidifies when exposed to the air. It comes to commerce in the form of small solid chips, translucent, and having a delicate yellow tinge. Morocco has been the main place of origin of sandarac. A similar resin is obtained in southern Australia from some species of the Australian cypress-like trees Callitris, but the resin has not been systematically collected in Australia.[2]

Historically, especially in the Late Medieval and Renaissance era, sandarac was used to make varnish. When "varnish" was spoken of in Renaissance Italy (Italian vernice) it usually meant sandarac.[3] Copal and other resins displaced it as equally good, less expensive varnishing materials. Nevertheless the sandarac varnish is still valued today for use as a protective coating on paintings and antiques.[4] It gives a coat which is hard, lustrous and durable. The varnish is made by melting the resin and mixing it with (e.g.) linseed oil. Sandarac resin melts at about 150 °C to a colourless or slightly yellow liquid. Its specific gravity is about 1.04.[5]